Prophet Without Honour: The Changing Relationship of Upton Sinclair and the Socialist Party (1906-1934)

Upton Sinclair's literary career has often been overshadowed by his political activism. Critics have frequently labeled him a pamphleteer, a muckraker, and a writer of socialist doggerel. However, a deeper examination reveals a complex figure whose contributions extend beyond mere political commentary. Sinclair's extensive body of work includes over a hundred novels and thousands of articles, which collectively redefine the proletarian novel. His writings encapsulate the radical experience in early 20th-century America, reflecting the socio-political landscape of the time. This thesis aims to analyze Sinclair's evolving relationship with the Socialist Party from 1906 to 1934, a period marked by significant shifts in both his personal ideology and the broader socialist movement. The changing attitudes towards Sinclair illustrate the broader societal transformations occurring during this era, highlighting the tension between literary and political identities.

Sinclair's relationship with the Socialist Party was fraught with contradictions. Initially embraced as a radical voice, he later faced criticism for being too conservative as the political landscape shifted leftward. The publication of his seminal work, The Jungle, in 1906 positioned him as a prominent figure in American literature and a key player in the industrial movements. However, as the socialist movement evolved, Sinclair found himself increasingly marginalized. His commitment to socialism remained steadfast, yet the changing dynamics within the party left him isolated. This thesis explores the reasons behind this shift, emphasizing Sinclair's struggle to reconcile his literary ambitions with his political beliefs. The analysis reveals how external perceptions and internal party politics shaped Sinclair's legacy, ultimately leading to his status as a prophet without honor.

The legacy of Upton Sinclair extends beyond his literary contributions. His role as a fearless enemy of corruption and injustice resonates throughout his works and personal life. Sinclair's correspondence with influential figures such as Joseph Stalin, Albert Einstein, and Emma Goldman underscores his significance in the historical narrative of American socialism. His extensive collection of personal papers, housed in the Lilly Library, offers invaluable insights into his thoughts and interactions with key historical figures. This thesis posits that Sinclair's influence is not merely confined to his writings but also encompasses his active participation in the socio-political movements of his time. The examination of his life and work provides a nuanced understanding of the complexities of American socialism and the challenges faced by its advocates.